Table 3

Table 3. A selection of previous amphibian surveys in forests and woodlands, arranged alphabetically by continent. Sites were considered independent if > 1 km apart. A survey was considered systematic if sites were selected systematically, and surveyed with the same sampling techniques the same number of times. ? = insufficient information provided.

Reference	Location	Target species	Sampling techniques	Repeat sampling	Number of sites	Sites independent	Systematic survey
Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 1994	Northern Madagascar	Frogs	Pitfall traps, opportunistic searches	Yes	16	?	No
Inger and Colwell, 1977	Northern Thailand	Amphibians	Diurnal and nocturnal transect and stream searches, diurnal plot searches	Yes (searches at streams only)	?	?	?
Inger and Voris, 1993	Borneo	Stream-breeding frogs	Nocturnal searches at streams, tadpole sampling	Yes	18	Yes	No
Inger et al., 1987	South India	Amphibians	Diurnal and nocturnal transect searches, diurnal plot searches	?	?	?	?
Andrews et al., 1994	Northern New South Wales, Australia	Frogs	Diurnal plot searches, pitfall traps, nocturnal searches at water bodies	Yes (pitfall traps only)	36	?	No
Driscoll, 1998	Southwestern Western Australia	Geocrinia alba, G. vitellina	Nocturnal call surveys, removal sampling	Yes	12	?	No
Friend and Cellier, 1990	Kakadu N.P, Northern Territory, Australia	Frogs	Diurnal and nocturnal searches, pitfall traps	Yes	70	?	Yes
Gillespie and Hollis, 1996	Southeast Australia	Litoria spenceri	Diurnal stream searches	No	135	?	Yes
Goldingay et al., 1996	Southern New South Wales, Australia	Frogs	Diurnal plot searches, nocturnal searches at waterbodies	Yes	77	?	No
Hollis, 1995	Baw Baw Plateau, Victoria, Australia	Philoria frosti	Diurnal call surveys and searches for egg masses	Yes	44	?	Yes
Lemckert, 1995	Northern New South Wales, Australia	Frogs	Night driving, nocturnal searches at water bodies	?	?	No	No
Mahoney, 1993	Central New South Wales, Australia	Frogs	Nocturnal searches at water bodies	Yes	6	Yes	Yes
McDonald, 1990	Eungella, Central Queensland, Australia	Rheobatrachus vitellinus, Taudactylus spp.	Nocturnal and diurnal searches at streams	Yes	?	?	?
NSW NPWS, 1994	Northern New South Wales, Australia	Frogs	Nocturnal searches at streams, pitfall traps	Yes	191	Yes	Yes
Osborne, 1989	Mountains of southern New South Wales, Australia	Pseudophryne corroboree	Diurnal call surveys, tadpole sampling	Yes	411	?	?
Parris and McCarthy, in press	Southeast Queensland, Australia	Stream-breeding frogs	Nocturnal searches, automatic tape recorders and pitfall traps at streams	Yes	19	Yes	Yes
Richards et al., 1993	North Queensland, Australia	Stream-breeding frogs	Nocturnal and diurnal searches and tadpole netting at streams	Yes	47	?	Yes
Smith et al, 1994	Northern New South Wales, Australia	Frogs	Diurnal plot searches, pitfall traps, nocturnal searches at water bodies	Yes (pitfall traps only)	77	?	No
Torr, 1993	Daintree N.P., North Queensland, Australia	Frogs	Diurnal and nocturnal searches, pitfall traps	Yes (pitfall traps only)	?	No	No
Woinarski and Gambold, 1992	Kakadu N.P, Northern Territory, Australia	Frogs	Diurnal and nocturnal searches, pitfall traps	Yes	370	No	Yes
Brana et al., 1996	Northern Spain	Lake-breeding amphibians	Diurnal searches, tadpole sampling	?	16	?	Yes
Sjogren, 1994	Sweden	Rana lessonae	Diurnal and nocturnal searches at ponds	Yes	200	No	No
Stumpel and van der Hoet, 1998	The Netherlands	Pond-breeding amphibians	Diurnal pond searches, larval sampling	Yes	133	?	Yes
Aubry et al., 1988	Washington, USA	Amphibians	Diurnal searches in forest stands	No	45	?	Yes
Beauregard and Leclair, 1988	Quebec, Canada	Frogs	Funnel traps	Yes	30	?	Yes
Bury and Corn, 1988	Oregon and Washington, USA	Amphibians	Diurnal searches and pitfall traps in forest stands	Yes	30	Yes	No
Bury et al., 1991	Oregon and Washington, USA	Aquatic amphibians	Diurnal stream searches	No	59	Yes	Yes
Collins et al., 1988	Arizona, USA	Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi	Diurnal searches at waterbodies, dip netting	?	30	Yes	?
Corn and Bury, 1991	Oregon, USA	Amphibians	Pitfall traps, diurnal searches of down wood	Yes (Pitfall traps only)	50	?	No
Dalrymple, 1988	Florida, USA	Amphibians	Funnel traps, day and night driving, nocturnal and diurnal searches	Yes	13	No	?
Hecnar and M’Closkey, 1997	Ontario, Canada	Pond-breeding amphibians	Diurnal searches, larval sampling	Yes	118	?	?
Jones, 1988	Arizona, USA	Amphibians	Pitfall traps, night driving, nocturnal searches at waterbodies	Yes	183	?	No
Mitchell et al., 1997	Virginia, USA	Terrestrial amphibians	Pitfall traps	Yes	5	Yes	Yes
Petranka et al., 1994	North Carolina, USA	Salamanders	Diurnal plot searches	No	52	No	Yes
Ramotnik and Scott, 1988	New Mexico, USA	Plethodon neomexicanus, Aneides hardii	Diurnal plot searches	No	123	?	Yes
Saugey et al., 1988	Arkansas, USA	Salamanders in caves and mines	Searches of caves and mines	Yes	31	?	No
Welsh and Lind, 1995	Northwestern California, USA	Plethodon elongatus	Diurnal plot searches	?	57	No	Yes
Aichinger, 1987	Panguana, Peru	Stream- and pond-breeding frogs	Diurnal and nocturnal searches	Yes	7	No	Yes
Crump et al., 1992	Northern Costa Rica	Bufo periglenes	Diurnal? searches	Yes	?	?	?
Gascon, 1991	Amazonian Brazil	Aquatic-breeding frogs	Tadpole netting	Yes	53	Yes	No
Lips, 1998	Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica	Amphibians	Nocturnal and diurnal stream searches, diurnal plot searches	Yes (stream searches only)	6	No	No
Lips, 1999	Western Panama	Amphibians	Nocturnal and diurnal searches, tadpole netting	Yes	14	No	No
Marsh and Pearman, 1997	Northern Ecuador	Amphibians	Nocturnal transect searches	Yes	16	No	Yes
Pearman, 1997	Amazonian Ecuador	Amphibians	Nocturnal searches	Yes	23	?	Yes